Schlaganfall

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Der Schlaganfall (auch Hirnschlag, fachlich Apoplex) ist ein Infarkt im Gehirn. Ursache kann eine Verstopfung einer Arterie oder Vene sein; dabei stirbt Gewebe ab wegen fehlender Durchblutung. In diesem Zusammenhang oder auch aus anderen Gründen können Arterien und Venen im Gehirn platzen, so dass Blut ausfließt. Infolgedessen kommt es - insbesondere wenn diese Vorgänge nicht rechtzeitig erkannt werden - zur weitreichenden Schädigung von Gehirngewebe, was wiederum die Funktionen weiterer Teile des Körpers stark beeinträchtigen oder sogar zum Tode führen kann.

Symptome für einen Schlaganfall sind vor allem schlagartige Lähmung einer Körperhälfte, Seh- und Sprachstörungen, Kopfschmerzen, Verwirrtheit oder sogar Bewusstlosigkeit.

Als Vorsorge gegen den Hirnschlag empfiehlt sich eine gesunde Lebensweise mit genug Bewegung, fettarmem Essen (z.B. wenig oder kein Fleisch), Nichtrauchen und wenig Alkohol sowie so wenig Stress wie möglich.

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1 Literatur

  • H.P. Legal/A. Zeller: Lexikon der Selbstdiagnose

2 Siehe auch

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3 Bibliographie

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  107. ↑ Blood biomarkers in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 39(10):2902-9 (2008) PMID 18658039
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  109. ↑ EXPRESS transient ischemic attack study: speed the process! Stroke 39(8):2400-1 (2008) PMID 18599804
  110. ↑ Management of hyperglycemia in acute stroke: how, when, and for whom? Stroke 39(7):2177-85 (2008) PMID 18436889
  111. ↑ Interventional management of stroke. Stroke 39(6):1663-4 (2008) PMID 18388335
  112. ↑ Antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke: a critical review. Stroke 39(5):1638-46 (2008) PMID 18369175
  113. ↑ Antiedema therapy in ischemic stroke. Stroke 38(11):3084-94 (2007) PMID 17901384
  114. ↑ Intravenous alteplase for stroke: beyond the guidelines and in particular clinical situations. Stroke 38(9):2612-8 (2007) PMID 17656661
  115. ↑ Thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: the likelihood of being helped versus harmed. Stroke 38(8):2215-6 (2007) PMID 17641237
  116. ↑ Debunking 7 myths that hamper the realization of randomized controlled trials on intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 38(7):2191-5 (2007) PMID 17540973
  117. ↑ Beyond conventional stroke guidelines: setting priorities. Stroke 38(7):2185-90 (2007) PMID 17540970
  118. ↑ Intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis?: it's time to find the right approach for the right patient. Stroke 38(7):2038-40 (2007) PMID 17540964
  119. ↑ CT/NIHSS mismatch for detection of salvageable brain in acute stroke triage beyond the 3-hour time window: overrated or undervalued? Stroke 38(7):2028-9 (2007) PMID 17540959
  120. ↑ Poststroke care: chronicles of a neglected battle. Stroke 38(6):1727-9 (2007) PMID 17510444
  121. ↑ An example of US Food and Drug Administration device regulation: medical devices indicated for use in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 38(6):1988-92 (2007) PMID 17478744
  122. ↑ Lipoprotein (a) and stroke: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Stroke 38(6):1959-66 (2007) PMID 17478739
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  125. ↑ The impact of recanalization on ischemic stroke outcome: a meta-analysis. Stroke 38(3):967-73 (2007) PMID 17272772
  126. ↑ Intensive statin therapy after stroke or transient ischemic attack: a SPARCLing success? Stroke 38(3):1110-2 (2007) PMID 17272769
  127. ↑ High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: an emerging target for stroke treatment. Stroke 38(3):1104-9 (2007) PMID 17255541
  128. ↑ Intra-arterial thrombolysis for basilar artery thrombosis and stenting for asymptomatic carotid disease: implications and future directions. Stroke 38(2 Suppl):721-2 (2007) PMID 17261724
  129. ↑ Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 38(2):423-30 (2007) PMID 17204681
  130. ↑ Hemorrhagic complications after off-label thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Stroke 38(2):417-22 (2007) PMID 17185641
  131. ↑ Cost-effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase within a 3-hour window after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 38(1):85-9 (2007) PMID 17122430
  132. ↑ Pressor therapy in acute ischemic stroke: systematic review. Stroke 37(6):1565-71 (2006) PMID 16675735
  133. ↑ Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke 37(6):1583-633 (2006) PMID 16675728
  134. ↑ Cerebral blood flow threshold of ischemic penumbra and infarct core in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 37(5):1334-9 (2006) PMID 16574919
  135. ↑ Toward a multimodal neuroprotective treatment of stroke. Stroke 37(4):1129-36 (2006) PMID 16527996
  136. ↑ Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke 37(2):577-617 (2006) PMID 16432246
  137. ↑ Classification and pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhages after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. Stroke 37(2):556-61 (2006) PMID 16397182
  138. ↑ IV tissue plasminogen activator for stroke in the community: what we know and don't know 10 years after FDA approval. Stroke 37(2):281 (2006) PMID 16397163
  139. ↑ Stroke by cause: some common, some exotic, some controversial. Stroke 36(12):2523-5 (2005) PMID 16293783
  140. ↑ Dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications. Stroke 36(12):2756-63 (2005) PMID 16269630
  141. ↑ Risk of myocardial infarction and vascular death after transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 36(12):2748-55 (2005) PMID 16254218
  142. ↑ Extending reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: emerging pharmacological, mechanical, and imaging strategies. Stroke 36(10):2311-20 (2005) PMID 16179577
  143. ↑ Predictors of depression after stroke: a systematic review of observational studies. Stroke 36(10):2296-301 (2005) PMID 16179565
  144. ↑ Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques. Stroke 36(9):e83-99 (2005) PMID 16100027
  145. ↑ Frequency of depression after stroke: a systematic review of observational studies. Stroke 36(6):1330-40 (2005) PMID 15879342
  146. ↑ Management of depression after stroke: a systematic review of pharmacological therapies. Stroke 36(5):1098-103 (2005) PMID 15802637
  147. ↑ Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: 2005 guidelines update a scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 36(4):916-23 (2005) PMID 15800252
  148. ↑ Are lacunar strokes really different? A systematic review of differences in risk factor profiles between lacunar and nonlacunar infarcts. Stroke 36(4):891-901 (2005) PMID 15761206
  149. ↑ The pathophysiology of watershed infarction in internal carotid artery disease: review of cerebral perfusion studies. Stroke 36(3):567-77 (2005) PMID 15692123
  150. ↑ Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarct. Stroke 36(2):388-97 (2005) PMID 15618445
  151. ↑ Anteromedian, central, and posterolateral infarcts of the thalamus: three variant types. Stroke 35(12):2826-31 (2004) PMID 15514194
  152. ↑ Molecular identification of the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 35(11 Suppl 1):2666-70 (2004) PMID 15486332
  153. ↑ Mechanisms of hemorrhagic transformation after tissue plasminogen activator reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 35(11 Suppl 1):2726-30 (2004) PMID 15459442
  154. ↑ Findings from the reanalysis of the NINDS tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke treatment trial. Stroke 35(10):2418-24 (2004) PMID 15345796
  155. ↑ Statin therapy after acute ischemic stroke in the heart protection study: is the role in recurrent stroke prevention now defined? Stroke 35(9):2233-4 (2004) PMID 15272131
  156. ↑ Seizures and epilepsy after ischemic stroke. Stroke 35(7):1769-75 (2004) PMID 15166395
  157. ↑ Lesion location and poststroke depression: systematic review of the methodological limitations in the literature. Stroke 35(3):794-802 (2004) PMID 14963278
  158. ↑ Hyperglycemia in acute stroke. Stroke 35(2):363-4 (2004) PMID 14757880
  159. ↑ Head computed tomography findings predict short-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 34(12):2894-8 (2003) PMID 14615614
  160. ↑ Acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome: diagnostic criteria. Stroke 34(12):2995-8 (2003) PMID 14605325
  161. ↑ Beyond mismatch: evolving paradigms in imaging the ischemic penumbra with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 34(11):2729-35 (2003) PMID 14576370
  162. ↑ Measurement of the ischemic penumbra with MRI: it's about time. Stroke 34(10):2533-4 (2003) PMID 12970511
  163. ↑ Best measure of ischemic penumbra: positron emission tomography. Stroke 34(10):2534-5 (2003) PMID 12970510
  164. ↑ Coronary risk evaluation in patients with transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council and the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 34(9):2310-22 (2003) PMID 12958318
  165. ↑ Hyperglycemia and early reperfusion therapy. Stroke 34(5):1235-41 (2003) PMID 12733513
  166. ↑ Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke 34(5):1252-7 (2003) PMID 12677020
  167. ↑ Guidelines and recommendations for perfusion imaging in cerebral ischemia: A scientific statement for healthcare professionals by the writing group on perfusion imaging, from the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology of the American Heart Association. Stroke 34(4):1084-104 (2003) PMID 12677088
  168. ↑ Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: A scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Stroke 34(4):1056-83 (2003) PMID 12677087
  169. ↑ Mesencephalic and associated posterior circulation infarcts. Stroke 33(9):2224-31 (2002) PMID 12215591
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  171. ↑ Considering the role of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 33(7):1927-33 (2002) PMID 12105378
  172. ↑ Low-molecular-weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischemic stroke (Cochrane review). Stroke 33(7):1925-6 (2002) PMID 12105377
  173. ↑ Thrombolytic therapy within 3 to 6 hours after onset of ischemic stroke: useful or harmful? Stroke 33(5):1437-41 (2002) PMID 11988629
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  175. ↑ Emergent use of anticoagulation for treatment of patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke 33(3):856-61 (2002) PMID 11872915
  176. ↑ Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke 33(1):95-8 (2002) PMID 11779895
  177. ↑ Deep cerebral infarcts extending to the subinsular region. Stroke 32(10):2272-7 (2001) PMID 11588312
  178. ↑ Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke 32(1):280-99 (2001) PMID 11136952
  179. ↑ Protocol violations in community-based rTPA stroke treatment are associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 32(1):12-6 (2001) PMID 11136907
  180. ↑ Systematic review of diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 31(11):2723-31 (2000) PMID 11062301
  181. ↑ Low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids in acute ischemic stroke : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 31(7):1770-8 (2000) PMID 10884486
  182. ↑ Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity with the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke 31(4):858-62 (2000) PMID 10753988
  183. ↑ Internal borderzone infarction: a marker for severe stenosis in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery disease. For the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy (NASCET) Group. Stroke 31(3):631-6 (2000) PMID 10700496
  184. ↑ Neuroprotective properties of statins in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke 30(9):1969-73 (1999) PMID 10471452
  185. ↑ Antiplatelet therapy in acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 30(4):887-93 (1999) PMID 10187896
  186. ↑ Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: feasibility, safety, and efficacy in the first year of clinical practice. Stroke 29(1):18-22 (1998) PMID 9445322
  187. ↑ Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke. Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 28(11):2119-25 (1997) PMID 9368551
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  192. ↑ Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: which patients need diagnostic cerebral angiography? A prospective study of 206 cases and review of the literature. Stroke 28(7):1406-9 (1997) PMID 9227692
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  194. ↑ Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) for assessment of cerebral infarction. Initial clinical experience in 50 patients. Stroke 27(7):1187-91 (1996) PMID 8685926
  195. ↑ Complications after acute stroke. Stroke 27(3):415-20 (1996) PMID 8610305
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