Karzinogenese

Unter der Karzinogenese versteht man die Entstehung und Entwicklung von bösartigen Zellen (Tumorzellen) aus normalem Zellgewebe.

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1 Früheres Dreistufenmodell

Früher ging man von einem Dreistufenmodell aus. Inzwischen mehren sich die Erkenntnisse, dass die Tumorentstehung wesentlich komplexer ist.

1.1 Initation

• Mutation einer Zelle, durch ein Karzinogen (krebsauslösendes Agens) verursacht

1.2 Promotion

• Vermehrung der mutierten Zelle, durch einen Wachstumsreiz angestoßen
• Weitergabe der Mutation an die Tochterzellen

1.3 Progression

• Weitere Vermehrung der mutierten Zellen
• Entdifferenzierung der Zellen (die mutieren Zellen zeigen unterschiedliche Eigenschaften)
• Ausbildung eines Tumorgewebes
• Gefäßeinsprossung in den Tumor
• Ausbildung von Metastasen (Tochtergeschwülsten) in der näheren Umgebung oder an anderen Körperstellen

2 Zeitverlauf

Zwischen der ersten Mutation in einer Zelle und dem Ausbilden von Tumorgewebe kann ein Zeitraum von Jahren oder mehreren Jahrzehnten liegen.

Bitte den Hinweis zu Gesundheitsthemen beachten!

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